01728nas a2200217 4500008004100000245004000041210003600081260000900117300001100126490000700137520116000144653001201304653001401316653001001330653002401340653001401364100001901378700001701397700002501414856007101439 2009 eng d00aThe Evolution of Genre in Wikipedia0 aEvolution of Genre in Wikipedia c2009 a1–220 v243 a

This paper presents an overview of the ways in which genres, or structuralforms, develop in a community of practice, in this case, Wikipedia. Firstly, we collected data by performing a small search task in the Wikipedia search engine (powered by Lucene) to locate articles related to global car manufacturers, for example, British Leyland, Ferrari and General Motors. We also searched for typical biographical articles about notable people, such as Spike Milligan, Alex Ferguson, Nelson Mandela and Karl Marx. An examination of the data thus obtained revealed that these articles have particular forms and that some genres connect to each other and evolve, merge and overlap. We then looked at the ways in which the purpose and form of a biographical article have evolved over six years within this community. We concluded the work with a discussion on the usefulness of Wikipedia as a vehicle for such genre investigations. This small analysis has allowed us to start generating a number of detailed research questions as to how forms may act as descriptors of genre and to discuss plans for experimental work aimed at answering these questions.

10adigital10aevolution10agenre10ainformation science10awikipedia1 aClark, Malcolm1 aRuthven, Ian1 aHolt, Patrik O'Brian uhttps://genreacrossborders.org/da/biblio/evolution-genre-wikipedia01571nas a2200241 4500008004100000245006200041210006100103260004600164520086900210653003101079653001101110653001201121653001101133653001501144653001601159653001001175653001501185653001401200100001901214700001701233700002501250856005401275 2008 eng d00aGenre analysis of structured e-mails for corpus profiling0 aGenre analysis of structured emails for corpus profiling aSwinton, UK, UKbBritish Computer Society3 a

This paper reports on our approach to the analysis of genre recognition using eyetracking. We focused on a collection of different types of email which could represent different datasets, such as, mailing lists for calls for papers, newsletters, etc. We found that genre analysis based on purpose, form and layout features is potentially effective for identifying the characteristics of these datasets and we have highlighted some of the new important features of genres. The results from a pilot study showed a clear effect, with an interaction between the email texts and the visual cues or features perceived and also the strategies employed for the processing of the  texts. We found, in our small sample, that readers can determine the purpose and form of genres and that during this process some readers do skim the shape of the e-mails (form).

10aaffordances constructivist10acorpus10adatsets10ae-mail10aecological10aeyetracking10agenre10aperception10aprofiling1 aClark, Malcolm1 aRuthven, Ian1 aHolt, Patrik O'Brian uhttp://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2227976.222797801684nas a2200133 4500008004100000020001800041245005400059210005400113260004700167520125700214100001901471700001701490856004301507 2007 eng d a0-7695-2932-100aClassifying XML Documents by Using Genre Features0 aClassifying XML Documents by Using Genre Features aWashington, DC, USAbIEEE Computer Society3 a

The categorization of documents is traditionally
topic-based. This paper presents a complementary
analysis of research and experiments on genre to show
that encouraging results can be obtained by using
genre structure (form) features. We conducted an
experiment to assess the effectiveness of using
extensible mark-up language (XML) tag information,
and part-of-speech (P-O-S) features, for the
classification of genres, testing the hypothesis that if a
focus on genre can lead to high precision on normal
textual documents, then good results can be achieved
using XML tag information in addition to P-O-S
information. An experiment was carried out on a
subsection of the initiative for the evaluation of XML
(INEX) 1.4 collection. The features were extracted and
documents were classified using machine learning
algorithms, which yielded encouraging results for
logistic regression and neural networks. We propose
that utilizing these features and training a classifier
may benefit retrieval for most world wide web (WWW)
technologies such as XML and extensible hypertext
markup language) XHTML.

1 aClark, Malcolm1 aWatt, Stuart uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1109/DEXA.2007.4801942nas a2200157 4500008004100000020002200041245008900063210006900152260002700221520141100248100001901659700001701678700002501695700001601720856004801736 2012 eng d a978-1-4503-1282-000aLooking for genre: the use of structural features during search tasks with Wikipedia0 aLooking for genre the use of structural features during search t aNew York, NY, USAbACM3 a

This paper reports on our task-based observational, logged, questionnaire study and analysis of ocular behavior pertaining to the interaction of structural features of text in Wikipedia using eye tracking. We set natural and realistic tasks searching Wikipedia online focusing on examining which features and strategies (skimming or scanning) were the most important for the participants to complete their tasks. Our research, carried out on a group of 30 participants, highlighted their interactions with the structural areas within Wikipedia articles, the visual cues and features perceived during the searching of the Wiki text. We collected questionnaire and ocular behavior (fixation metrics) data to highlight the ways in which people view the features in the articles. We found that our participants' extensively interacted with layout features, such as tables, titles, bullet lists, contents lists, information boxes, and references. The eye tracking results showed that participants used the format and layout features and they also highlighted them as important. They were able to navigate to useful information consistently, and they were an effective means of locating relevant information for the completion of their tasks with some success. This work presents results which contribute to the long-term goals of studying the features for genre and theoretical perception research.

1 aClark, Malcolm1 aRuthven, Ian1 aHolt, Patrik O'Brian1 aSong, Dawei uhttps://genreacrossborders.org/da/node/111801732nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006300041210006200104300001400166490000700180520124900187100001901436700001701455700002501472856008901497 2010 eng d00aPerceiving and using genre by form–an eye-tracking study0 aPerceiving and using genre by form–an eyetracking study a268–2800 v603 a

This paper reports on an approach to the analysis of
genre recognition using eye-tracking. The researchers
focused on eight different types of e-mail, such as
calls for papers, newsletters and spam, which were
chosen to represent different genres. The study involved
the collection of oculographic behaviour data
metrics, such as fixations and saccades to highlight
the ways in which people view the features of genres.
We found that genre analysis based on purpose and
form (layout features, etc) was an effective means of
identifying the characteristics of these e-mails. The
research, carried out on a group of 24 participants,
highlighted their interaction with the e-mail texts
and the visual cues or features perceived as well as
the strategies they employed for the processing of the
texts. The results showed that readers can determine
the purpose and form of genres, that form and content
can occasionally be separable, that some features
cause fixations and that some readers are prompted to respond by using saccadic behaviour (e.g. regressive
saccades) over the shape of the e-mails (form).

1 aClark, Malcolm1 aRuthven, Ian1 aHolt, Patrik O'Brian uhttp://www.degruyter.com/view/j/libr.2010.60.issue-3/libr.2010.023/libr.2010.023.xml01886nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006400041210006400105260004600169520138200215653001601597653001901613653001001632653001301642100001901655856005401674 2007 eng d00aStructured text retrieval by means of affordances and genre0 aStructured text retrieval by means of affordances and genre aSwinton, UK, UKbBritish Computer Society3 a

This paper offers a proposal for some preliminary research on the retrieval of structured text, such as extensible mark-up language (XML). We believe that capturing the way in which a reader perceives the meaning of documents, especially genres of text, may have implications for information retrieval (IR) and in particular, for cognitive IR and relevance. Previous research on 'shallow' features of structured text has shown that categorization by form is possible. Gibson's theory of 'affordances' and genre offer the reader the meaning and purpose - through structure - of a text, before the reader has even begun to read it, and should therefore provide a good basis for the 'deep' skimming and categorization of texts. We believe that Gibson's 'affordances' will aid the user to locate, examine and utilize shallow or deep features of genres and retrieve relevant output. Our proposal puts forward two hypotheses, with a list of research questions to test them, and culminates in experiments involving the studies of human categorization behaviour when viewing the structures of emails and web documents. Finally, we will examine the effectiveness of adding structural layout cues to a Yahoo discussion forum (currently only a bag-of-words), which is rich in structure, but only searchable through a Boolean search engine.

10aaffordances10acategorization10agenre10askimming1 aClark, Malcolm uhttp://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2227895.222791200450nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260002400195100001900219700001700238700002500255856004800280 2009 eng d00aHow do People Interact with Structured E-mails in Terms of Genre and Perception?0 aHow do People Interact with Structured Emails in Terms of Genre  aAberdeen, Scotland.1 aClark, Malcolm1 aRuthven, Ian1 aHolt, Patrik O'Brian uhttps://genreacrossborders.org/da/node/1122